As I posted earlier in the week, I went to the Holiday Open House/Beauty Show hosted by our local State Beauty Supply this past Monday. CHI was there and explained how their products use MEA as the alkalizing ingredient rather than ammonia. One of the benefits of using MEA in their system rather than ammonia is that you can perm or texturize and color in the same day. I wanted to learn more about MEA and knew that just because it was different didn't mean it was damage-free. I believe all permanent hair color lines have some drawbacks; heck, it is chemically changing your hair so there are going to be some issues and I am interested to learn about how hair color works on a molecular level so I was cruising the internet looking for information. Here is an article I came across on P&G's website that I found interesting. I hope you like it too.
http://www.pgbeautygroomingscience.com/chemistry-at-a-glance.html
Chemistry At-a-Glance
Oxidative Dye Formulas

- DyePrecursor/Alkalizer/Thickening System—This component contains several ingredients, each with different functions. They are packaged together because they are completely compatible with each other and must be kept away from the oxidizing agent (hydrogen peroxide).
- The first component is an alkalizing agent (usually ammonia and/or an ammonia substitute such as monoethanolamine [MEA]). This has a number of roles in the hair colorant process:
- Swelling the hair fiber to aid in diffusion of the dye precursors
- Raising the hair's internal pH and ensuring that the overall dye mix has a high pH
- Facilitating the formation of the dyes within the hair fiber and catalyzing melanin bleaching
- The second component is a mixture of dye precursors. These are the ingredients that react together within the hair fiber, resulting in the formation of color.
- The third is a surfactant (and optionally polymer) thickening system that provides the solubilization of the first two components (particularly the dyes) and, when mixed with the H2O2 component (below) provides the final viscosity to hold the product on the hair fibers without mess and dripping into the eyes, and if applicable, is tailored to work optimally with any application or mixing device supplied with the product.
- Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidant—It is essential that this component be kept at a low pH for storage to ensure stability; but it is only at high pH that bleaching and dyeing occurs. This component may also contain polymers or surfactants that thicken when mixed with the high pH tint, and/or provide conditioning and rinsing benefits when the combined dye mass is rinsed from the hair. Hydrogen peroxide plays the following roles:
- A source of oxidizing agent for catalyzing the reaction of dye precursors
- Dispersing and solubilizing the hair's natural pigment, melanin, while bleaching the hair's natural pigment and any previous artificial colorant present in the hair fiber
formulators must become artisans, assessing which developers and couplers to combine, how much of each to use, and the ratio and total concentration of the
various intermediates.
How Coloring Alters Biology
Hair is protected by a covalently bound, mono-molecular layer of unique branched fatty acid - 18 methyl eicosanoic acid (18-MEA). 18-MEA, often referred to as the f-layer, is the fatty lipid layer that binds to the surface of the cuticle and acts as the hair's natural conditioning system. Because the f-layer has a natural lubricatingmechanism and is water repellent, it gives each hair fiber a built-in conditioning system that reduces damage caused by blow-drying and brushing.14, 15

f-Layer of a hair follicleDuring permanent coloring, the combination of hydrogen peroxide, ammonia and high pH removes some of the protective f-layer, causing additional oxidation of the hair surface and some irreversible physiochemical changes in hair fibers. Repeated coloring can cause this protective surface to completely disappear. As a result, the hair becomes hydrophilic (water loving) instead of hydrophobic (water repellent), and the natural lubricating properties are removed. Hair is more susceptible to damage, feels dry and is hard to detangle. It looks duller and less colorful, and requires more conditioning.
Free Radical Formation—EDDS Addresses The HO* Radical


Suppression of Free Radical FormationThe suppression of free radical formation can be visualized microscopically by comparing gas production from a formulation containing no EDDS chelant (0.1% EDTA) s. one containing EDDS (1% level). Signifi cantly fewer gas bubbles can be seen being formed in the sample treated with EDDS - clearly demonstrating the ability of EDDS to reduce the gas formation signifi cantly. |
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